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Carolina Brewmasters Club Meeting
April 5, 2006
Grains 101
Prepared by
Todd Bowman
Base Malts
The basis
for nearly every beer recipe, they usually compose a greater percent
of the total grain bill. Usually the source of most of the enzymatic
grains, due to its higher diastatic power, the ability to convert
complex starches into fermentable sugars.
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Dried
completely after malting, then kilned at relatively low temperature
to retain enzymes
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Base malt
for brewing all-grain beers: must be mashed.
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High in
enzymes than specialty malts – provide majority of diastatic power
for recipes.
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In beers
with little specialty malt, European grains provide more complex
palate and rounder flavor—very useful when trying to duplicate
European styles.
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Most
varieties are well modified.
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US
2-Row Pale Malt
(Domestic)
1.037-1.038
1.8
Lov.
Common name: Klages.
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A
variety of malt that forms two seed rows along the stem on
the grain head. Well modified with a high diastatic power
allows mashing with up to 35% grain adjuncts. Because it is
high in diastatic power, well modified and fairly neutral,
2-Row makes an excellent base malt and is known as the
"workhorse" of many recipes. The basic malt for brewing all
grain beers from scratch.
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Protein rest recommended to avoid chill-haze.
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Greater starch per weight ratio than 6-Row.
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Produces virtually no sulphur flavors associated with
Pilsner malts.
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Best for both American Lager and Ale styles, Klages
lends itself well to all beer styles.
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6-Row Pale Malt
(Domestic)
SG
1.035
1.8
Lov. |
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This
malt variety forms six distinct seed rows on the grain head.
Very high diastatic power allows mashing with up to 60%
grain adjuncts, great if added diastatic strength is needed
in a recipe. 6-Row also has greater husks per weight ratio
than 2-Row, so could be better for mashing with huskless
grain (like wheat).
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Protein rest recommended to avoid chill-haze.
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Higher in enzymes than 2-row, making it useful with
low-enzyme adjuncts; intended for high-adjunct American
beers.
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High in protein, which can lead to increased trub as
well as haze problems in finished beer.
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Grainy flavor, rather than malty. Many brewers feel
2-row is mellower.
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German Pilsner Malt
(2-Row, Pilsner Malt)
1.037
1.6-1.8 Lov. |
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A
quality German 2-row pale malt. Produces a smooth, grainy
flavor. Best for German Lagers and Alt Beers.
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Sufficient enzymes to convert its own starch and 15–20%
adjuncts.
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Infusion mash ok; decoction gives slightly higher color,
malt flavor and yield.
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Produces sulphur flavors (from dimethyl sulfide) typical
of lagers; more intense in the German malt.
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English Pale Malt
(European 2-Row)
1.038
2.5
Lov. |
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Fully modified British malt, easily converted by a single
temperature mash. Preferred by many brewers for full
flavored English ales. This pale ale malt has undergone
higher kilning than Klages (Domestic 2-row) and is lower in
diastatic power so keep adjuncts to a lower fraction of
grain bill (preferably 15 % or less).
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Higher color and malt character than North American pale
malt and European and pilsner malts.
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Produces virtually no sulphur flavors associated with
Pilsner malts.
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Well suited to single-temperature infusion mash
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Used to produce traditional English and Scottish style
ales.
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Canadian Pale Malt
(Canadian 2-Row)
1.037
1.9-2.0 Lov.
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European style base malt for any beer.
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Very low protein giving better extract, and finished
beer is less likely to have a haze.
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Good "all-purpose" malt for brewing in a variety of
styles.
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Belgian Pilsner Malt
(European 2-Row)
1.037
1.8
Lov.
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An
excellent base malt for many styles, including full flavored
Lagers, Belgian Ales and Belgian Wheat beers.
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Light color, malty flavor.
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Excellent for pilsners, dubbels, tripels, whites and
specialty ales.
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Belgian Pale
(European 2-Row)
1.038
3.25
Lov. |
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Although this malt is Belgian, it has classic English
character (very similar to Maris Otter). Well suited to both
Belgian and English ale brewing.
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Higher color and malt character than North American and
pilsner malts.
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Produces virtually no sulphur flavors, such as those
associated with Pilsner malts.
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Sufficient enzymes to convert its own starch and 10–15%
adjuncts
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Commonly used as a base malt for any Belgian style beer
with full body.
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Maris Otter Pale Malt
(European 2-row)
1.038
3.5-4.5 Lov. |
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A
premium base malt for any beer, this variety of barley has
long been the favorite of the English brewers for its rich
flavor and very forgiving brewing performance. In the field,
it is lower yielding than the more modern varieties, so it
is grown under contract to many malt houses in the UK. In
the brewhouse, excellent yields and efficient run-off make
it the malt of choice for producing English style beers.
This malt is produced in traditional floor malting or
Saladin boxes.
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Use
up to 100% of total grist.
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Mild
Ale Malt
(European 2-row)
1.037
2.3-3.2 Lov. |
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Once
a very commonly used grain for the production of British
Mild, this grain is less frequently used in modern brewing.
Dry, nutty malty flavor. Promotes body.
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Enough enzymes to convert itself and a small portion
(10%) of adjuncts.
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Used in English mild ales, barleywines, old ales.
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Acidulated (Sauer) Malt
(European 2-row)
1.033
1.7-2.8 Lov. |
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Malt
that contains high levels of lactic acid. This leads to a
better mash working , intensified fermentation, lighter
Pilsner color, improved flavor stability, and "well-rounded"
beer flavor.
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Helps to reduces pH of the wort.
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Best
for use in making Pilsner, Light Beer, "Schankbier,” and
Wheat Beer. Sometimes used for lambics, sour mash beers, and
Irish stout.
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Use
up to 10% of total grist.
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Golden Promise
(European 2-row)
1.038
2-4
Lov. |
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Scottish pale malt. A superior base malt for all Scottish
beers, as well as most English style ales.
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Use as up to 100% of grist.
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Superior, rounded malty flavor makes this malt an
excellent choice for Bitters and other English-style
ales.
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Producers: Thomas Fawcett.
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Wheat Malts
Unlike
barley malts, wheat malts are huskless, so they must be mashed with
properly milled barley malt to avoid stuck run-off. In cases where a
large fraction of wheat is used, a sparging aid such as oat hulls
may be advisable. Alternately, the brewer can employ an acid rest
(105F) to help break down the sticky beta-glucans that often are
produced by a largely wheat mash.
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Grainy
flavor; lighter flavor than barley malt.
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More
enzymes than barley malt, but slower to convert.
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Some
beer styles (such as hefe-weizen, American wheat beers, and
Belgian Witbiers) are made with large amounts of wheat malt
(30–70%).
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Typically higher in protein than barley, so beers with high
percentage of wheat are more likely to have a haze. A protein
rest can alleviate this problem.
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When
used in small amounts (3–5 %), assists with head formation &
retention.
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Must be
mashed to produce fermentables, but extract brewers can steep
for flavor and aroma.
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Wheat Malt
(Domestic)
1.038
2
Lov. |
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Use
to make wheat and weizen beers at 40-60% for wheat and
35-65% for Bavarian weizens. In small amounts (about 3-6 %),
aids in head retention to any beer without altering final
flavor. Often combined with high enzyme malts such as
Klages.
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Use with a highly modified malt to insure sufficient
diastatic enzymes.
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Protein rest highly recommended due to very high protein
content.
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Imparts a malty, grainy flavor. Excellent for American
wheat beers, weizenbocks and doppelbocks.
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Light Wheat
(German Wheat Malt)
1.039
1.5-2.3 Lov |
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German Wheat malt is the perfect ingredient for Weiss,
Weizen and Berliner Weiss beers. Blended in proportions of
20 to 70% with pale malts, weizen malt is the perfect
companion for German wheat strains for a full flavored,
classic wheat beer. In Germany, a weizen must be of at least
50% wheat malt, as measured in the final beer. This means if
a weizen is made of 55% wheat, and subsequently krausened
with say Helles krausen, the amount of krausen must not
reduce the final proportion of wheat to below 50%.
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Lighter colour & flavor than domestic wheat malt, making
it a better choice than domestic for continental styles
(hefe-weizen, dunkelweizen, Belgian Wit).
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More highly modified than domestic wheat.
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Imported varieties have lower protein levels.
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Light flavor and creamy head.
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Dark
Wheat
(German Wheat Malt)
1.039
6-8
Lov |
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Similar to Light Wheat in flavor, but produces a darker,
slightly more malt beer. The perfect ingredient for
Dunkelweizen and Weizenbock beers.
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Darker colour & flavor than domestic wheat malt, making
it a better choice than lighter strains for dunkelweizen.
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More highly modified than domestic wheat.
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Imported varieties have lower protein levels.
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Light flavor and creamy head.
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Belgian Unmalted
Wheat |
An
unmalted grain used in Wit biers at 45% of grist and in
Lambics at 30%. Key ingredient in Belgian ales and witbiers.
Mashed with high diastatic malts at up to 50% for a rich,
grainy high protein "double shine" and earthy, bread flavor
only obtained by the use of unmalted wheat berries.
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Caramel Wheat
1.035
38-53 |
For
dark ales, hefeweizen, dunkelweizen, wheat bocks and
doppelbocks.
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Rye
Malt
1.029
2.8-4.3 |
Dry,
rye flavor and character. Sufficient enzymes to
self-convert, so it can use as base malt.
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For seasonal beers, roggenbier and ales.
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High-Kilned
Malts
High-kilned
malts are quite similar in production methodology to pale malts, but
are generally kilned at higher temperatures, resulting with a malt
that is darker in color, and provides a deeper color and more
intense flavors and aromas. These malts typically dry have a very
low moisture content, producing sweeter flavors and fewer
fermentables, but still retaining some of its enzymatic
capabilities.
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Retain
sufficient enzymes to convert themselves but no additional
adjuncts. Most varieties can even be used as malt in a recipe.
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When
used in conjunction with pale malt, even small quantities (10%)
will increase flavor and complexity.
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Must be
mashed to produce fermentables, but extract brewers can steep
for flavor and aroma.
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German Vienna Malt
(Weiner)
1.035
2.3-3.6 Lov. |
German Vienna is high in diastatic power, meaning you can
use it as 100% of the total grist for a fuller, deeper malt
flavor and aroma. The flavor is rich, aromatic, malty, and
grainy, and the grain provides deep golden color. Can
replace pale malt as base malt.
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Favored styles: Dortmunder, Maibocks, Vienna, and Marzen
beers, as well as Golden Ales and Amber lagers.
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Can be used at up to 100% of total grist.
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For Pilsner beers, use 10 - 30% Vienna Malt for color
and malty flavor.
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For amber beers, use 60 - 90% Vienna Malt along with a
percentage of Crystal Malt.
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Vienna Malt
(Domestic)
(Lightly kilned)
1.035
3.5-4 Lov. |
A
rich, aromatic malt that is kiln dried at a higher
temperature than pale malt yet still retains sufficient
enzyme power for use as 60 to 100% of total mash grist.
Domestic Vienna has similar characteristics to German
Vienna, but is slightly darker. Can be used in place of
standard Brewers Malt as the base malt in a brew. This malt
contributes a slightly more malty, grainy flavor and a
slightly deeper golden color than standard Brewers Malt.
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Increases malty flavor, lends a deep color and provides
balance. Use in Vienna, Marzen and Oktoberfest, as well as
ales.
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The
increased malty flavor also balances nicely with
higher-hopped, higher-colored and fuller-bodied beers.
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May
be used as a base for all beer styles.
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Sufficient enzyme power for use as 60 to 100% of total
mash.
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Münich Dark Malt
(German Munchener)
1.034
8.0-9.9 Lov. |
A
true Munich variety that has undergone higher kilning than
the pale malt. German Munich still retains sufficient
enzymes for 100% of the grist, or it can be used at the rate
of 20 to 75 % of the total malt content in Lagers for its
full, malty flavor and aroma. Higher diastatic power than US
Munich, making it more suitable than US Munich for the
production of beers that use large amounts of Munich malt
(85% or more).
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Gives deep colour and rich, full malt character
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Provides enhanced dark beer body and aroma.
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Can be used at up to 100% of total grist.
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Essential malt for Oktoberfest and Vienna style beers.
Useful in making Dark Ales and Lagers, Bock beer,
Oktoberfest, Stout, Schwarzbier, Brown Ales and Amber
beers.
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Münich Light Malt
(German Munchener)
1.034
5.1-6.2 |
A
true Munich variety that has undergone higher kilning than
the pale malt. German Munich still retains sufficient
enzymes for 100% of the grist, or it can be used at the rate
of 20 to 75 % of the total malt content in Lagers for its
full, malty flavor and aroma. Higher diastatic power than US
Munich, making it more suitable than US Munich for the
production of beers that use large amounts of Munich malt
(85% or more).
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Gives deep colour and rich, full malt character
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Provides enhanced dark beer body and aroma, and a malty,
nutty flavor.
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Can be used at up to 100% of total grist.
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Essential malt for Oktoberfest and Vienna style beers.
Useful in making Dark Ales and Lagers, Bock beer,
Oktoberfest, Stout, Schwarzbier, Brown Ales and Amber
beers.
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Münich Malt
(Domestic)
1.034
8-12
Lov. |
Darker than German Light Munich malt, Domestic Munich adds a
deeper color and fuller malt profile. An excellent choice
for Dark and amber lagers, blend Munich with German Pils or
Klages at the rate of 10 to 60% of the total grist. It adds
a pronounced malty, grainy flavor to beers without adding
non-fermentables or affecting the foam stability and body.
Small amounts added to the mash-in will improve the malty
flavor and give a richer color to low gravity brews. If
Munich is going to make up large portion of grist,
continental Munich (see above) is better choice.
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Similar to continental Munich, but darker. Provides a
modest color increase toward the golden to orange hues.
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Used in small quantities will intensify beer's malt
character
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Sweet, toasted flavor and aroma.
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Excellent malt for Oktoberfests and malty styles.
Essential ingredient in German Bock beers.
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Darker grades of Munich are available from continental
maltsters.
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Victory Malt
(Aroma & flavor malt)
1.034
25
Lov. |
A
unique, lightly roasted malt that provides a warm biscuity/toasted
character to Ales and Lagers. Use 5 to 15 % to add a fuller
flavor and aroma to Ales, Porters and full flavored, dark
Lagers where a bigger malt character is desired without
crystal malt sweetness.
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An essential aroma and flavor malt.
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Similar to Biscuit in the toasted aromas and flavors,
but not roasted.
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Provides a deep golden to brown color.
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An excellent addition to brown ales, IPAs and Scottish
ales.
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Aromatic
(Mildly Kilned)
1.036
25
Lov. |
Used
at rates of up to 10%, Aromatic malt will lend a distinct,
almost exaggerated malt aroma and flavor to the finished
Ales and Lagers. Aromatic malt also has a rich color and is
high in diastatic power for aid in starch conversion. As the
name suggests, imparts powerful malty aromatics to a beer.
At 25 Lov., it is grouped in the upper end of the "Munich"
category. It can handle conversion by itself, with a
diastatic power of 29, as compared to Munich with a DP of 50
and Pils with a DP of 105.
Aromatic (DeWolf-Cosyns—Bel.); 25ºL
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Gives a strong, rich malt aroma and a rich color.
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Enough diastatic power to convert itself (but not
recommended as more than 15% of mash, given distinct and
strong malt character)
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Use in brown ales, Belgian dubbels and triples.
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Melanoidin Malt
(Mildly Kilned)
1.033
23-31 |
Another high-kilned malt that imparts a rich, exaggerated
malt aroma to a beer, as well as a rich flavor. A product of
Weyermann, Melanoidin is used to improved flavor stability,
fullness and rounding of the beer color. Improved red color
of beer.
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Essentially, another name for Aromatic.
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Excellent for amber lagers and ales, dark lagers and
ales, Scottish ales and even Barleywines.
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Caramelized/ Crystal Malts
These malts
are fully modified during the malting process and are kilned at
relatively high temperatures when they are still moist. Stewing is
the result rather than roasting or toasting, which the starches are
converted to sugars and then caramelized. They provide a malty
sweetness and contribute mouth feel and body to the final product.
Also aids head retention and foam stability.
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Produced
by kilning damp, freshly malted barley at relatively high
temperatures; during this process the starches first convert to
sugars and then caramelize
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No
diastatic power.
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Extensive color range depending on the length of the kilning
process.
Contributes variety of flavors, increases body, improves head
formation & retention
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No
mashing required; ideal for extract brewers.
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10 L
Crystal
(Caramel)
1.033-35
10
Lov. |
This
Light Crystal malt will lend body and mouthfeel with a
minimum of color, much like Carapils, but with a light
caramel sweetness.
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Domestic versions typically made from 6-row malt (unless
otherwise labeled). European versions often made from
2-row.
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Imparts body, and a sweet, mild caramel flavor and a
golden color.
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Use in light lagers and light ales.
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20 L
Crystal
(Caramel)
1.033-35
20
Lov. |
This
Light Crystal malt will lend body and mouthfeel with a
minimum of color, much like Carapils, but with a light
caramel sweetness.
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Domestic versions typically made from 6-row malt (unless
otherwise labeled). European versions often made from
2-row.
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Imparts body, and a sweet, mild caramel flavor and a
golden color.
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Use in light lagers and light ales.
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30 L
Crystal
(Caramel)
1.033-35
30
Lov. |
This
Light Crystal malt will lend body and mouthfeel with a
minimum of color, much like Carapils, but with a light
caramel sweetness.
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Domestic versions typically made from 6-row malt (unless
otherwise labeled). European versions often made from
2-row.
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Imparts body, and a sweet, mild caramel flavor and a
golden color.
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Use in light lagers and light ales.
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40 L
Crystal
(Caramel)
1.033-35
40
Lov. |
This
Pale Crystal malt will lend a balance of medium caramel
color, flavor, and body. As with all Crystal malts, the
character of this malt is contributed by unfermentable
crystallized sugars produced by a special process Called
"stewing.” Crystal 40 is a mainstay malt in brewing of all
types of ales.
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Domestic versions typically made from 6-row malt (unless
otherwise labeled). European versions often made from
2-row.
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Imparts body, sweet, mild caramel flavor and a light red
color.
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Often used in red and amber ales. It can be used in
British and American ales, and in conjunction with other
malts in Belgian ales and German lagers.
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60 L
Crystal
(Caramel)
1.033-35
60
Lov. |
This
Medium Crystal malt will lend a well rounded caramel flavor,
color and sweetness. This Crystal malt is a good choice if
you're not sure which variety to use. Contributes medium
caramel flavor & color, increased sweetness, some toffee
character.
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Domestic versions typically made from 6-row malt (unless
otherwise labeled). European versions often made from
2-row.
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Imparts body, sweet caramel flavor, deep golden to red
color.
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For dark amber or brown ales.
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80 L
Crystal
(Caramel)
1.033-35
80
Lov.
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This
medium crystal malt will lend a pronounced caramel flavor,
color and sweetness.
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Domestic versions typically made from 6-row malt (unless
otherwise labeled). European versions often made from
2-row.
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Imparts body, sweet, smooth caramel flavor and a red to
deep red color.
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For porters, old ales.
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90 L
Crystal
(Caramel)
1.033-35
90
Lov.
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This
medium crystal malt will lend a pronounced caramel flavor,
color and sweetness.
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Domestic versions typically made from 6-row malt (unless
otherwise labeled). European versions often made from
2-row.
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Imparts body, pronounced caramel flavor and a deep red
color.
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For stouts, porters and black beers.
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120
L Crystal
(Caramel)
1.033-35
120
Lov. |
Dark
Crystal will lend a complex sharp caramel flavor and aroma
to beers when used in large quantities. Used in smaller
quantities this malt will add color and slight sweetness to
beers, while heavier concentrations are well suited to
strong beers. Has a complex bitter-sweet caramel flavor and
aroma.
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Domestic versions typically made from 6-row malt (unless
otherwise labeled). European versions often made from
2-row.
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Imparts body, pronounced caramel flavor and a deep red
color.
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For stouts, porters, black beers, barleywines and old
ales.
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German
Light Crystal
(Caramel)
1.033-1.035
8-20
Lov.
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German Caramel malt adds balance and body to pilsner styles.
Sometimes called CaraHell.
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Gives pale beers fuller and more balanced flavor, and
improved body, with very little effect on color.
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Add to light colored lagers and ales for body, including
hefeweizen, pale ale, golden ale, Oktoberfest.
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German
Medium Crystal
(Caramel)
1.033-1.035
42-60 Lov. |
German Caramel malt adds color, sweetness and body to lagers
styles. Use 3 to 20% of German Caramel malt to add color,
sweetness and body to European lagers Viennas and
Marzen/Oktoberfest lagers. Will also lend a well rounded
caramel flavor, color and sweetness to ales.
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Adds sweetness, color and body to full, deeper-colored
lagers, such as Vienna and Oktoberfest.
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German
Dark Crystal
(Caramel Malt)
1.033-1.035
90-110 Lov.
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German Caramel malt imparts a very pronounced sharp caramel
color, and body to dark lagers styles.
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Adds caramel flavor, deep color and body to full,
deeper-colored lagers, such as Vienna and Oktoberfest,
Bocks and Doppelbocks.
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English Crystal
(Caramel)
1.033-1.035
17
Lov.
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Also
known as Light CaraStan, adds a light color and a light,
toffee/sweet flavor.
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Use 5 to 20% English Crystal to add color and a light,
toffee/sweet flavor.
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Good
for Bitters and Pale Ales. |
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English Crystal
(Caramel)
1.033-1.035
37
Lov.
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Also
known as CaraStan, add color and a full, toffee/sweet
flavor.
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Use 5 to 20% English Crystal to add color and a full,
toffee/sweet flavor.
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Good for Bitters, Pale Ales and Porters.
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English Crystal
(Caramel)
1.033-1.035
55
Lov.
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Add
slightly more color and a fuller, toffee/sweet flavor. Good
for darker Ales.
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Sweet caramel flavor, adds mouthfeel and head retention.
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For pale or amber ales.
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English Crystal
(Caramel)
1.033-1.035
80
Lov.
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Add
deep amber color and a strong, toffee/sweet flavor.
-
Sweet caramel flavor, adds mouthfeel and head retention.
-
For pale or amber ales.
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English Crystal
(Caramel)
1.033-1.035
140
Lov.
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Adds
a deep reddish color and a rich highly caramelized, roasted
flavor.
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Sweet caramel flavor, adds mouthfeel and head retention.
-
For pale or amber ales.
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Scottish Crystal
(Caramel)
1.033-1.035
90
Lov.
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Will
lend a deep amber to red color and a full bodied,
toasted/caramel like flavor.
·
For
Scottish and European ales.
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Belgian CaraVienne
(Caramel)
1.034
21-22 Lov.
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CaraVienne is a very light crystal malt made by drying
barley malt at low temperatures. The result is a malt that
will lend body, smoother mouth-feel, and foam stability, and
is an excellent all purpose caramel malt. Impart a rich,
caramel-sweet aroma and promotes a fuller flavor. Can be
used in high percentages (up to 15%) without leaving the
beer too caramel/sweet. Produces same kind of caramel
sweetness as crystal/caramel malts, with addition of subtle
toasted flavors.
·
Imparts a rich, caramel-sweet aroma to the wort and promotes
a fuller flavored beer with soft, smooth finish.
·
Good
to use in conjunction with Munich malts and Pils malt for a
Maerzen base.
·
Also
good for use in many Belgian style ales, in conjunction with
other Belgian color malts. Common in lighter Abbey or
Trappist style ales.
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Belgian CaraMünich
(Caramel)
1.033
60-72 Lov.
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Use
CaraMünich for a deeper color, caramelized sugars and
contribute a rich malt aroma. 5 to 15% will also lend a
fuller flavor, contribute to foam stability, add
unfermentable, caramelized sugars and contribute a rich malt
aroma. Excellent malt to use as a supplement to other
caramel malts.
CaraMunich (DeWolf-Cosyns—Bel.); 72°L
-
Darker, more robust version of CaraVienne, with a rich
malt aroma, producing fuller-flavored beers with soft
smooth finish.
-
Caramel, full flavor, copper color.
-
Good for Belgian ales, German smoked and bocks. Commonly
used by Belgian breweries in producing Abbey or Trappist
style ales and is appropriate for any recipe that calls
for crystal malt.
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|
Belgian Special B
(Caramel)
1.030
130-220 Lov. |
This
very dark crystal with toasted, toffee-ish flavors is unique
to the Belgians. It has a very highly caramelized and nutty
flavor. Small quantities appropriate in many beers,
especially British or Belgian ales; larger amounts produce
winey/ raisin-y flavors appropriate to a barley wine.
-
Extreme caramel aroma and flavor. Raisin and dark fruit
flavors too.
-
For dark Abbey beers and other dark beers. Key
ingredient in Belgian Dubbels.
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Roasted
Malts
Roasted
malts are produced by kilning pale at very high temperatures that
carbonize the whole kernel (also known as “roasting,” hence the
name). Malts used are generally pale malts, except for Roast Barley,
which is unmalted. These malts generally used in small quantities
and do not add any potential extract yield. They have no diastatic
power
-
No
diastatic power
-
In pale
beers, darker varieties can be used in small quantities to give
hint of brown/red to beer and to increase complexity of
background flavors
-
No
mashing required; ideal for extract brewers.
|
Amber Malt
1.032
20-30 Lov. |
Unlike Crystal, the starting material for Amber Malt is a
kilned Pale Ale malt. Amber Malt is typically used as a
small proportion of the grist (0.5%) in the preparation of
beers requiring some substantial depth of color without
considerable roasted flavors.
·
Imparts a dry, biscuit flavor.
·
Used
in British milds, old ales, brown ales, nut brown ales.
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|
Biscuit Malt
(Pale Roast)
1.035
23-25 Lov. |
Biscuit is a unique malt that’s lightly roasted, lending the
subtle properties of black and chocolate malts. Used at the
rate of 3 to 15 %, it is designed to improve the “bread &
biscuits,” or toasted flavor and aroma characteristics to
Lagers and Ales.
-
Distinct dry, grainy biscuit flavor and aroma
(reminiscent of hard tack). Dry finish.
-
Increases body.
-
Commonly used in a wide range of Belgian beers.
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|
Special Roast
(Aroma & flavor malt)
1.035
50
Lov. |
Pale
roasted to lend an unmistakable, toasted malt flavor and
aroma and amber, red-orange color to beer. At the rate of 3
to 10% Special Roast is an excellent addition to ales and
lagers.
·
Provides a deep golden to brown color for ales.
·
Use
in many darker ales and lagers, including Vienna, Märzen and
Alt beers.
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|
Chocolate Malt
(domestic)
(Roasted malt)
1.034
350
Lov. |
Being the least roasted of the black malts, chocolate malt
will add a dark color and pleasant roast flavor. Small
quantities lend a nutty flavor and deep, ruby red color
while higher amounts lend a black color and smooth, roasted
flavor. Use 3 to 12%.
-
Use in all types to adjust color and add nutty, toasted,
chocolate-like flavor.
-
Essential ingredient in Porters, along with Caramel
malts. Used in smaller quantities in Brown ales, old
ales, dark lagers and some Barleywines.
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|
Chocolate Malt (UK)
(Brown malt)
1.034
400-475 Lov. |
A
little darker than domestic Chocolate malt yet it has a
slightly smoother character in the roast flavor and aroma
profiles. Gives dark beers smooth, toasted, nutty flavor;
possesses some sweetness; has a redder color than other
dark-roasted malts. Highly recommended.
-
Use in all types to adjust color and add nutty, toasted,
chocolate-like flavor.
-
Ideal for British Porters and Brown or Mild Ales and
even Stouts.
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|
Roast Barley, US
(Black, Unmalted Barley)
1.025
300-500 Lov. |
Essential ingredient in Stouts. Small amounts are OK in
Porters, provided they don’t overpower the chocolate/caramel
notes. Use 10 to 12% to impart a distinct, roasted flavor to
Stouts. Other dark beers also benefit from smaller
quantities (2 – 6%). Because it is unmalted, has a dry,
sharp, bitter flavor with no sweetness distinct black color,
rather than brown-red of chocolate and black malts.
-
Dry, grainy, roasted, coffee flavor and a distinct black
color.
-
Improves body and head retention.
-
For stouts, porters, and Scottish ales. Rarely used in
any Belgian ales or German Lagers.
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|
Roast Barley, UK
(Black, Unmalted Barley)
1.025
500-680 Lov. |
Essential ingredient in Stouts. Small amounts are OK in
Porters, provided they don’t overpower the chocolate/caramel
notes. Use 10 to 12% to impart a distinct, roasted flavor to
Stouts. Other dark beers also benefit from smaller
quantities (2 – 6%). Because it is unmalted, has a dry,
sharp, bitter flavor with no sweetness distinct black color,
rather than brown-red of chocolate and black malts. British
variety tends to be dryer and bitterer than domestic
variety.
-
Dry, grainy, roasted, coffee flavor and a distinct black
color.
-
Improves body and head retention, promotes lighter
colored head.
-
For stouts, porters, and Scottish ales. Rarely used in
any Belgian ales or German Lagers.
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|
Black Patent
(Highly roasted black malt)
1.026
500-600 Lov. |
The
darkest of all malts, use sparingly to add deep color and
roast-charcoal flavor. Use no more than 1 to 3%. Best used
in trace amounts only, for color. Almost any contribution
that Black Patent gives to beer can be obtained from using
another malt with less harsh flavor impacts.
-
Intense carbonized, burnt caramel, biscuity, woody
flavor; intense burnt aroma. Dry, burnt, chalky
character.
-
Best used for color, rather than flavor, in small
amounts.
-
Provides color and sharp flavor in stouts and porters.
Some use in brown ales and dark lagers.
|
|
Carafa I
1.038
300-340 Lov.
|
De-Husked Carafa I Malt, produced from de-husked barley
malt, adds aroma, color and body, with a milder, smoother
flavor than achieved with whole grains. Can be used at 1 -
5% total grist.
·
Gives a deep aroma and color to dark beers, bocks, stout,
alt and schwarzbier.
|
|
Carafa II
1.038
375-450 Lov.
|
De-Husked Carafa II Malt, produced from de-husked barley
malt, adds aroma, color and body, with a milder, smoother
flavor than achieved with whole grains. Can be used at 1 -
5% total grist.
·
Gives a deep aroma and color to dark beers, bocks, stout,
alt and schwarzbier.
|
|
Carafa III
1.038
450-490 Lov.
|
De-Husked Carafa III Malt, produced from de-husked barley
malt, adds aroma, color and body, with a milder, smoother
flavor than achieved with whole grains. Can be used at 1 -
5% total grist.
·
Gives a deep aroma and color to dark beers, bocks, stout,
alt and schwarzbier.
|
|
Chocolate Wheat Malt
1.038
375-450 Lov.
|
Intense aroma; improves color.
-
For dark ales, alt, dark wheat, stout and porter.
|
|
Chocolate Rye Malt
1.030
190-300 Lov. |
Enhances aroma of dark ales and improves color.
-
For dunkel rye wheat beers and dark ales.
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Other Malts:
BruMalt
|
Honey Malt (Brumalt)
1.037
18°-30° Lov |
Honey malt is the best description for the unique European
malt known as brumalt. Its intense malt sweetness makes it
perfect for any specialty beer. Devoid of astringent roast
flavors. Superb for improving/increasing aroma and color of
darker beers without introducing astringent roast flavors
-
Intense, sweet honeyish aroma & flavor.
·
Enough diastatic power to self-convert. Must be mashed to
produce fermentables, but extract brewers can steep for
flavor and aroma
·
Good
for giving low-alcohol beers the richness of flavor and
aroma that they might otherwise lack.
·
Commonly used in light ales, honey ales and wheat beers
(US). |
Other Malts:
Smoked Malts
|